All such analyses can be performed by clicking on the desired column, and selecting Analyze. Next, for numerical variables, we may need to perform some univariate analyses, such as checking for data normality, outlier analysis, imputing missing cells with desired values, etc. “Replace” operation from the formulae list helps with replacing all cells in the Dependents column displaying 3+ with 3. Processors library displaying different actions that can be performed to clean the data based on the data type. To perform this action, you can add a data processing step called Replace from the Formulas bar. For the sake of model building, we can perhaps replace 3+ with an integer, say 3. Dependents are either entered as 0, 1, 2, or 3+. The DSS has categorized most of the information as being an “integer”, however, the red portion of the bar in the header indicates existence of certain values that may not be integers. Take for example the Dependents column in the train data set. In this data exploration stage, you can investigate samples of the total data to identify all sorts of shortcomings such as missing values, invalid data, existence of outliers, etc. Loan Prediction data columns as viewed on importing the dataset to Dataiku DSS. You can also see columns being classified into “Gender” or “Date/Time” categories. Once the data is imported, the DSS automatically parses information from different columns, and categorizes them as being integer, decimal, bigint, string, Boolean, etc. An interesting and intuitive aspect about Dataiku DSS is the visual flow representation of the data’s journey in the model as we go on applying different processing “recipes” onto it. Starting with a blank slate project, you can upload the “train” data set into the DSS project dashboard. I will refrain from delving deep into the problem itself and discuss more on the Dataiku modeling interface. The crux of this problem is to develop a feature based predictive model that will help us make a decision on the loan approval decision for a particular applicant. For my first experiment with Dataiku, I used the loan prediction data set downloaded from Analytics Vidhya. The data set essentially predicts whether an applicant’s loan request would be approved or not, based on a variety of parameters ranging from applicant income, loan period, geographic factors, dependents, credit history, etc. The Learn section hosts a variety of get-started tutorials that help getting on-boarded with the interface. To get accustomed with Dataiku DSS, you can either download it on your personal computer, or can use their web based trial for 14 days. I tried my hand at the visual click-and-drag based workflow, and will try to elaborate on my experience so far in this post. One special aspect about this software is its duality in the sense that it pleases both “clickers” as well as “coders”. This weekend, I tried my hand at Dataiku Data Science Studio (DSS) by Dataiku, a Paris based company, that helps enterprises develop AI and data analytics workflows. Hooked onto the prowess of machine learning and data analytics since the last two years, I’ve been trying out different software and coding platforms that make data analytics and machine learning easier for a Mechanical Engineer with decent coding background like me. Off lately, thanks to the industry wide boom for getting an upper hand and making the best of available data, there has been a surge of multiple applications & programs that help you make the data work for you.
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"The supreme duty of the historian is to write history, " said Steve n Runciman, th e studen t o f Byzantium, and no t t o "reduc e history t o a series of economic o r sociologica l laws."2 And yet, racia l history an d movi e histor y ar e social. But in the end I wish also, old-fashioned as it seems, to get the story straight. Elsewhere I hav e trie d t o se t fort h a t lengt h a tentativ e mean s o f applying som e o f thes e theorie s t o a n Africa n America n historica l model.1 Here, rather than risk offering thi s book as a sort of test of ho w black history fits this or that theory, I wish to say only that I hope i t is a history informe d an d eve n discipline d b y theoretica l borrowing s an d fresh sources. This academic vein of history was also rooted in heretofore inaccessibl e studio record s and therefor e less dependent o n the flawe d memorie s o f octogenarian eyewitnesses. Th e reader should kno w tha t this work appear s at the end o f an era when movie history written mainly for fans gave way to a rage fo r history rigorousl y grounded i n theorie s borrowe d fro m disci plines that included psychoanalysis, feminism, linguistics, anthropology, and Marxist economics. This book is an attemp t to examine thi s idea as it operated durin g th e er a o f World War II, when many deepl y rooted racia l customs wer e shake n an d reforme d i n way s tha t wer e anticipate d i n popular movies. Observers of American lif e hav e ofte n asserte d tha t popula r culture reflects its values. When you make movies you don' t chang e history you participat e in it. Walter Fishe r Margaret Hollan d Elliott Rudwic k and William F. Afro-Americans in th e motio n pictur e industry. Include s bibliographical references an d index. Making movie s blac k : the Hollywoo d message movi e fro m Worl d Wa r I I to th e civi l right s era / Thomas Cripps. Library o f Congres s Cataloging-in-Publication Dat a Cripps, Thomas. N o par t o f this publication may b e reproduced, stored i n a retrieva l system, o r transmitted, in an y for m o r b y an y means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, o r otherwise, without th e prio r permissio n o f Oxfor d Universit y Press. 200 Madiso n Avenue, Ne w York, Ne w Yor k 10016 Oxford i s a registere d trademar k o f Oxfor d Universit y Press All right s reserved. Published b y Oxfor d Universit y Press, Inc. Oxford Universit y Press Oxford Ne w Yor k Toront o Delhi Bomba y Calcutt a Madra s Karach i Kuala Lumpu r Singapor e Hon g Kon g Toky o Nairobi Da r e s Salaa m Cap e Tow n Melbourne Aucklan d Madri d and associate d companies i n Berlin Ibada nĬopyright © 199 3 b y Oxfor d Universit y Press, Inc. New Yor k Oxfor d OXFORD UNIVERSIT Y PRES S 1993 The Hollywood Message Movie from World War II to the Civil Rights Era THOMAS CRIPP S It’s also IPX7 waterproof to 1 meter for 30 minutes.The X300U-A delivers a standard of excellence you can trust. Features of SureFire X300T-B High-Candela LED Weaponlight. Its rugged, aerospace aluminum body is Mil-Spec hard anodized for scratch and corrosion resistance and sealed to make it weatherproof. Ambidextrous switching provides one-finger control of momentary-on or constant-on activation. Precision reflector produces a peak beam intensity of 56,000 candela for long distance illumination Dimensionally identical to the X300U-A Compatible with. It also provides extensive peripheral illumination for maintaining situational awareness. Features of SureFire X300 Ultra LED Weapon Light. You can count on the X300U-A to help you positively identify threats at significant distances while temporarily impairing your adversary’s vision. 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If you want to learn it in the most efficient way, then just follow these steps and keep practicing: #1: Explore Matlab’s DocumentationĪlmost every programming language comes with its own documentation. Once you are aware of the problems you want to solve with Matlab, then it will become a lot easier and enjoyable to learn while focusing on specific modules that can fulfill your purpose. The environment is used for multiple purposes and you have to define your goals before starting your journey. Matlab consists of multiple modules some of them are a bit complex and they require more time to understand. In this time period, you will simply test and try a few codes, using all the different tools available to you. If you are consistently focused on learning, then it will take you around two weeks to grasp basic language concepts and get familiar with the environment. There are many libraries available on Github and other third-party sources utilizing these libraries for your projects is another skill in itself. The underlying concepts are pretty easy to grasp, but working with professional algorithms or applications can make things a little more complex.įurthermore, if you need to work with graphics, then it is also important to learn Matlab’s Graphics Handling System. The language is easy to learn and use, but the environment is something where many users get stuck at a professional level. The applications developed in these languages can also interact with Matlab’s Environment. The Matlab’s API System allows you to interact with it using various other high-level languages such as C, C++, Fortran, etc. The Mathematical Function Library contains various algorithms that are used in different scientific and relevant applications. This graphical system helps users with two-dimensional and three-dimensional image processing, data visualization, animation, and graphical presentations. Matlab also has its own separate Graphics System. It allows you to import or export any relevant data efficiently, and also facilitates your development, management, debugging, and M-file profiling processes. It consists of all the necessary tools that a programmer might need. This language then integrates into Matlab’s Working Environment. Matlab is a wholly separate High-level Language that works with control flow statements, data structures, input/output, functions, and some features from object-oriented programming. Is Matlab Hard to Learn?īefore we discuss difficulty levels, it’s important to know about the five components that complete this whole environment and how they are interconnected with each other. With these widespread applications in various technical domains, Matlab carries a lot of potential, and organizations with engineering and scientific backgrounds love to hire talented developers to work with algorithms and embedded systems. This computational and programming environment is not just limited to a few applications. There were 4 million Matlab users in 2020, and this number is constantly growing. Matlab is developed by MathWorks, a private corporation that specializes in mathematical computing applications. After completing this tutorial you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in using MATLAB from where you can take yourself to next levels.Matlab is a highly popular computing environment that allows you to work with algorithms, embedded systems, user interfaces, and matrix manipulations. This tutorial has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand basic to advanced functionality of MATLAB. Problem-based MATLAB examples have been given in simple and easy way to make your learning fast and effective. It is designed to give students fluency in MATLAB programming language. This tutorial gives you aggressively a gentle introduction of MATLAB programming language. It can be run both under interactive sessions and as a batch job. It started out as a matrix programming language where linear algebra programming was simple. MATLAB is a programming language developed by MathWorks. Matlab Programming, Matlab tutorials, Learn Matlab. Overwatering can also lead to other issues such as yellow leaves and dropping fruits. However, most commonly the leaves don’t curl, but instead-drop. On the other hand, overwatering can also cause issues with citrus tree leaves and fruit. That’s a lot of water saved (and much less strain on your water bill). With each 1% increase in the soil’s organic matter, the soil can help hold 20,000 gallons more water per acre. Some good mulches for citrus trees are leaves, bark, or pine needles.Ĭomposting is equally as important as mulching as it not only improves the nutrient profile of the soil (many times replacing chemical fertilizers), but it increases the richness of the soil. Naturally, this reduces how much and how often you’ll need to water your citrus trees. By mulching, you’re not only protecting the soil from the elements, but you’re reducing evaporation-locking in essential moisture in the soil. Soil isn’t meant to be bare, and when it is, it’s vulnerable to the sun, wind, and rain and can be easily eroded. Mulching is also a significant part of managing the water content in the soil. The goal for the soil should be the wetness of a wrung-out sponge. Bone dry definitely needs more water and sopping wet needs much less (or more drainage). Simply push a finger in the first 2-4 inches of soil to tell how dry or wet the soil is. Add compost every 1-2 months for extra nutrients and to improve the richness of the soilĪll of the above tips helped tremendously, and not just for my citrus trees, but also for my tomato, cucumber, and other plants in the garden.īy only watering when the first 2-4 inches of soil gets dry, not only are you checking that you’re not under-watering your citrus tree but not overwatering it as well (more on this below).Provide 1-2 inches of mulch to help the soil retain water.Only water when the first 2-4 inches of soil gets dry.While it can be tricky to know when and how much to water your citrus tree, these tips have helped me quite a bit: Once the tree is under-watered, if not watered soon, it will shed its curled leaves and conserve the little water it has left to ensure survival. It commonly occurs for most plants, especially other fruiting trees. Leaf curl isn’t only an issue for citrus trees. This is typically every 2 weeks, depending on the weather. The best way to make sure your citrus tree gets enough water is to only water when the first 2-4 inches of soil gets dry. When under-watered, the leaves dry out and begin to curl as a result. Under-watering is the most likely cause of citrus tree leaf curl. So, while under-watering is the most common reason why citrus leaves curl, how can we be sure what the exact issue is, and how can we fix it? Under-Watering However, under-watering is the most common cause, so water as needed and use mulch and compost. Leaf curl can also be caused by extreme weather and some pests and diseases. When this happens, the leaves curl to conserve moisture. Generally, citrus leaves curl when the tree doesn’t get enough water. So, I did some research and testing to find out more. While I had an idea of what could be causing it, I wanted to dive in deeper. 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Website: Interfaces on a desktop and mobile website.Platform defines what platform the chatbot works on, and the list may not include all platforms. Most of these are connected to Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa voice AI systems. Voice: Uses voice, often via a mobile phone.Live Chat: Ability to live chat with a human.The AI figures out the intent of what was typed and responds. AI Chatbot: Engagement by typing text.The bot asks a question and gives predefined choices to click. These bots are logic tree based and do not have AI. Rule-Based Chatbot: Engagement with buttons only.All systems have AI and/or logic conversational chatbots, and some can switch to a live person in a live chat. Type defines how the user engages with the AI chatbot system. The table below includes three categories: Type, Platform, and Fees. You may also enjoy our Fun List of Chatbots blog here. This list is not static and it will be updated regularly. We compiled an AI chatbot platform comparison and reviews list to show the wide variety of prices and capabilities in the chatbot marketplace. Chatbots are being used by businesses to drive more sales and improve customer support. Therefore, it is fair to say that The Book of Mountains and Seas is a “proto-ecological narrative”. The ecological consciousness of “self in Self” permeates the whole book, and its seemingly absurd stories reflect the interdependence and symbiosis of all things. With the geographical location of mountains and seas as longitude and the cardinal points as latitude, the whole book presents a spatial picture of animals, plants, minerals, and monsters, and organizes them into a relatively orderly resource system. The Shanhaijing is to be found in the Daoist Canon Daozang 道藏 and thecollectanea Gujin yishi 古今逸史, Siku quanshu 四库全书, Gezhi co ngshu 格致丛书,Ershierzi 二十二子, Baizi quanshu 百子全书, Mishu ershiyi zhong 秘书二十一种, Sibu co ngkan 四部丛刊, Sibu beiyao 四部备要 and Lo ngxi jingshe co ngshu 龙溪精舍丛书.The narrative strategies of Shan Hai Jing (or The Book of Mountains and Seas) show that they focused their attention only on objects that were useful to them and paid no attention to those whose usefulness was unknown to them. The most recent commentary is Yuan Ke’s 袁珂 Shanhaijing jishi 山海经集释 from 1980. Less im portant commentaries were written by Yang Shen 杨慎, Wang Cho ngqing 王崇庆, Wang Niansun 王念孙, He Zhuo 何焯, Wu Renchen 吴任臣 and Bi Yuan 毕沅. During the Qing period 清 (1644-1911) Hao Yixing 郝懿行 wrote a commentary, the Shanhaijing jianshu 山海经笺疏. Guo Pu’s commentary to the Shanhaijing is the oldest. In later ages the Shanhaijing was seen as a collection of phantastic stories and can be seen as the ancestor of Chinese novellas and fiction (xiaoshuo 小说). During the Song period 宋 (960-1279) the many superstitio nal and fictio nal accounts were the reason for its categorization as a book of cosmological character (wuxing 五行). In the earliest bibliography Qilüe 七略 theShanhaijing was classified as a writing of divinatory (shushu 数术) character, yet from the Tang period 唐 (618-907) on it was seen as a geographical book. TheShanhaijing is a rich source of information on early Chinese history, geography, astronomy, climate, religion, customs and habits, animals and plants, minerals, medicine, rivers and marine sciences. The Yellow Emperor 黄帝, for example, can be found out to have been a deity venerated in western China. o nly when Guo Pu 郭璞 started compiling his commentary during the 4th century the supplements were dealt with as proper parts of the classic.Īlthough the stories told in the Shanhaijing are historically not reliable they are valuable sources for the study of early Chinese mythology, and eventually for the origin of certain parts of Chinese popular religion. The last two parts were originally supplements compiled by the Former Han period 汉 (206 BC-8 AD) scholars Liu Xiang 刘向 or Liu Xin 刘歆. It was probably written during the late 3rd or the 2nd centuries BCE. The second part deals with foreign countries and its inhabitants and co ntains a lot of mythological stories and tales a bout strange persons and animals. It was probably compiled during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. The first part deals with mountais and their nature and character, plants, animals and ores, all being features relevant for the ideal performance of Daoist shamans working there. The first two parts of the book can be seen as Daoist writings. – 221 BCE) and Han 汉 (206 BCE-220 CE) periods and is the product of a long time of compilation. Modern scholars believe that the book was compiled during the late Warring States 战国 (5th cent. BCE), or Bo Yi 伯益, one of his ministers, or is said to be a chart of the ding 鼎 cauldrons Yu the Great erected in the provinces of China. Authorship is traditio nally attributed to Emperor Yu 禹, the mythological founder of the Xia dynasty 夏 (17th to 15th cent. Another arrangement divides the book into two parts, the Shanjing 山经 or Wucang shanjing 五藏山经 which co nsists of five geographical chapters, and the Haijing 海经 which co nsists of the parts Haiwaijing 海外经, Haineijing 海内经 (four chapters each) and Dahuangjing 大荒经 (five chapters). The modern version has 18 juan "scrolls" and co nsists of four parts describing "mountains" (Shanjing 山经), "seas" (Haijing 海经), "the great wilderness" (Dahuangjing 大荒经), and China herself (Haineijing 海内经). The Shanhaijing 山海经 "Classic of mountains and seas" is a kind of early geography of China. In 44 B.C.E., Caesar declared himself dictator for life. He also granted citizenship to foreigners living within the Roman Republic. At the same time, he sponsored the building of the Forum Iulium and rebuilt two city-states, Carthage and Corinth. He wielded his power to enlarge the senate, created needed government reforms, and decreased Rome’s debt. Returning to Italy, Caesar consolidated his power and made himself dictator. This sparked a civil war between Caesar’s forces and forces of his chief rival for power, Pompey, from which Caesar emerged victorious. When his rivals in Rome demanded he return as a private citizen, he used these riches to support his army and marched them across the Rubicon River, crossing from Gaul into Italy. Throughout his eight-year governorship, he increased his military power and, more importantly, acquired plunder from Gaul. His Roman troops conquered Gallic tribes by exploiting tribal rivalries. Returning to Rome, he formed political alliances that helped him become governor of Gaul, an area that included what is now France and Belgium. Seizing the opportunity, Caesar advanced in the political system and briefly became governor of Spain, a Roman province. During his youth, the Roman Republic was in chaos. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and politician who named himself dictator of the Roman Empire, a rule that lasted less than one year before he was famously assassinated by political rivals in 44 B.C.E.Ĭaesar was born on July 12 or 13 in 100 B.C.E. According to the CEEW's estimates, delivering one tonne of biomass bale from the farm to an end-user site located 15-30 km away costs Rs 1,500-2,500, and this cost increases with distance. Here are four strategies for northwestern states to align their action plan with the CRM guidelines quickly and achieve zero stubble burning.įirst, states should publish a database of industrial end-users and their annual crop biomass demand. This renewed interest in ex-situ methods opens up an opportunity for India's northwestern states to achieve twin benefits - reduce carbon and air pollutant emissions and develop alternatives for fossil fuels. The centre and state governments will jointly provide financial support of 65 per cent for machinery and equipment to farmer groups, and the remaining 25 per cent and 10 per cent will be contributed by the industry and farmer groups, respectively. The big plan is to establish biomass supply chain systems under the bilateral agreement between industries using biomass and farmer groups. This year, for the first time, there has been a shift in preference towards ex-situ methods under the CRM scheme, which involve treating farm waste off-site for energy production. While a few central policies have encouraged the use of crop biomass as fuel for industrial boilers, bio-CNG production and co-firing in coal-fired power plants, they have seen little progress in the last five years due to the underdeveloped supply chain ecosystems and massive costs involved in biomass collection. Since 2018, India's CRM scheme has largely focused on subsidising in-situ machines to tackle paddy stubble in the field itself, like the Super Seeder. But can it bring down farm fires in Kharif 2023? India recently revised its CRM guidelines to facilitate timely residue management. This perceived crop loss at the start of the Kharif season will likely impact farmers' intent to invest in zero-burn crop residue management (CRM) later in the year. Delayed sowing only means a shorter window to harvest and manage crop residue in already time-pressed states like Punjab, where farmers cultivate wheat immediately after paddy harvesting. Nationally, over 16 per cent less area was covered under paddy as of the first week of July 2023 compared to the corresponding period last year. The unprecedented rain in northern India in early July damaged freshly sown paddy and delayed sowing in states such as Punjab and Haryana. To curb stubble burning during the winter months, India and its states will need to act swiftly this year. |
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